1.55 0.70 2.90 1.39 1.49 1.47 0.79 2.04 1.20 1.04 2.93 1.55 1.48 4.98 0.52 1.02 1.10 0.62 1.02 0.08 (1.13-1.78) (1.21-2.03) (0.69-1.12) (1.03-3.45) (1.05-2.29) (0.25-1.93) (0.12-71.01) (0.63-3.08) (0.97-2.29) (0.90-2.40) (0.29-2.19) (1.41-2.96) (0.85-1.68) (0.34-3.12) (1.36-6.33) (0.55-4.36) (0.06-36.06) (0.58-42.57) (0.05-5.72) (0.71-1.47) (0.73-1.65) (0.41-0.95) (0.54-1.93) (0.00-1.36)Mukherjee et al. 99 J i et al. Garner et al.Cardiovascular mortalityIIKearney et al.inhibitors inhibitors inhibitors inhibitorsMyocardial infarctionJ i et al. 97 Kearney et al. J i et al.Garner et al.Stroke**Kearney et al.J i et al. 100 Garner et al.Rofecoxib Selective COX-2 inhibitors Selective COX-2 inhibitors Selective COX-2 inhibitors Rofecoxib Rofecoxib*A ratio of the probability of the event occurring in the interventiongroup versus the control group; non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke or cardiovascular death; including rofecoxib, celecoxib, etoricoxib, lumiracoxib and valdecoxib; placebo and II NSAIDs; Death due to cardiovascular events; fatal or non-fatal myocardial infarction; **fatal or non-fatal thrombotic or hemorrhagic stroke.Hee Seung Kim, et al: Cyclooxygenase in Cervical CancerFig. 2. Role of cyclooxygenase (COX) in human gastrointestinal, cardiovascular and renal functions. COX-1-derived thromboxane A2 decreases gastric acid secretion in gastrointestinal tract and renal vascular resistance in kidney, whereas it increases mucus production in gastrointestinal tract, vasoconstriction, platelet aggregation and smooth muscle proliferation in blood vessel, and vasodilation in kidney. Moreover, COX-2-derived prostaglandins E2 and I2 decrease platelet aggregation and smooth muscle proliferation in blood vessel while they increase vasodilation in gastrointestinal tract and blood vessel, and diuresis and natriuresis in kidney. On the other hand, selective COX-2 inhibitors increase thromboembolic risk, and decrease gastrointestinal side effects and renal function.Abrocitinib cardiovascular event between celecoxib 800 mg/day and NSAIDs, suggesting the safety of celecoxib.Losartan potassium COX-2 overexpression and NF-kB activation as molecular targets for chemoprevention of cervical neoplasia.PMID:24381199 First, curcumin is a yellow pigment of turmeric, a natural product with diverse biological activities. It has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-tumor properties. Much of its beneficial effect is found to be due to its inhibition of NF-kB and subsequent inhibition of74 proinflammatory pathways. Besides, curcumin synergis-Nonetheless, the Adenoma Prevention with Celecoxib (APC) and Prevention of Spontaneous Adenomatous Polyps (PreSAP) trials comparing celecoxib with placebo for the reduction in recurrent colorectal polyps were stopped early because of significantly higher numbers of cardiovascular adverse effects in celecoxib-treated group.72,Thus, the safety of celecoxib is still on debate, and further trials designed to assess the incidence of cardiovascular adverse effects by celecoxib are needed.tically augments the growth inhibitory effect of celecoxib by down-regulating COX-2 mRNA expression and inhibition of the catalytic activity of 5-lipoxygenase producing leukotrienes associated with carcinogenic pro75 cess. Phase I trials on curcumin showed that it is safe toNEW STRATEGY FOR OVERCOMING THE LIMITATION FOR USING COX-2 INHIBITORS1. Natural products for the chemoprevention of cervical neoplasia Many natural products are being investigate.
