Tion outcomes compared to perceptually more familiar righthanded actions.Certainly, previous work demonstrated that observers have additional difficulty anticipating left as opposed to righthanded action intentions (Hagemann, Loffing et al b,).For example, Hagemann asked novice, intermediate and expert tennis players ( left and righthanded players per group) to visually anticipate the outcome of left and righthanded tennis strokes occluded in the moment of racketballcontact and presented as videos on a laptop or computer monitor.To exclude prospective differences in original left and righthanded strokes as an option explanation to get a handedness impact in anticipation functionality (e.g a limitation in McMorris and Colenso,), half on the trials showed horizontally mirrored versions of strokes (i.e original leftrighthanded strokes have been also presented as inverted rightlefthanded strokes).Evaluation revealed that imply prediction error was lower against ideal than lefthanded opponents inside the videos and that this distinction was largest in the group of professional players.Additionally, both leftand righthanded participants had equivalent difficulty anticipating lefthanded strokes, suggesting that an observer’s handedness may not play a crucial part to explain the handedness effect.Rather, the effect appears as a result of relative rarity of left in comparison with righthanded people and resulting inequality in perceptual familiarity with left and righthanded actions (negativeFrontiers in Psychology www.frontiersin.orgDecember Volume ArticleLoffing et al.Handedness and Experience in TeamHandball Goalkeepingperceptual Arachidic acid Cancer frequency impact, Hagemann,).Evidence in help of this assumption comes from a perceptual instruction study with novices in teamhandball goalkeeping.Groups who practiced exclusively against left or righthanded penaltytakers in the course of a three session training intervention demonstrated handspecific improvements in prediction accuracy from pre to posttest (Schorer et al).Apart from the demonstration from the handedness effect, its underlying perceptualcognitive mechanisms, having said that, are only poorly understood.As far as we know there is certainly only one particular study offered inside the literature which PubMed ID:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21556816 examined athletes’ gaze behavior through the prediction of left and righthanded action outcomes in volleyball (Neumaier,).Findings from that work suggest that gaze may not be adequately adjusted to an opponent’s handedness.Specifically, visual fixations concentrated about an attacker’s ideal armshoulder location irrespective of his handedness for hitting volleyball.As an essential limitation, however, in contrast to recent analysis accuracy did not differ between leftvs.righthanded attacks as well as the content material of left and righthanded stimuli was not kept symmetrical (Hagemann, Loffing et al b, Schorer et al).Here we sought to examine whether or not hypothesized lower accuracy for the prediction of left than righthanded action outcomes is linked with corresponding maladjustment in gaze behavior.We chose the m penalty in teamhandball as test scenario mainly because, amongst others, the goalkeepers’ potential to anticipate a thrower’s shot intention has been highlighted as one essential feature for profitable interception (e.g Bideau et al Ca lBruland and Schmidt, Schorer and Baker, Bourne et al Loffing and Hagemann,).In the experiment, we recorded teamhandball goalkeepers’ and nongoalkeepers’ eyemovements whilst they watched videos of leftand righthanded m penalties and predicted their directional outcome.To ensure that conten.
